Something is disrupting GPS signals across Europe. Sponsored by Ground News. Go to https://ground.news/Ve for 40% off the unlimited Vantage plan. If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - https://ve42.co/SnatomsV Sign up for the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates - https://ve42.co/Newsletter ▀▀▀ 0:00 What is jamming Europe’s GPS? 4:43 How does GPS work? 10:46 How easy is it to jam GPS? 12:18 The Hunt To Find The Jammer 17:12 Who are the possible culprits? 20:06 The Investigation Goes Public 23:00 Narrowing In On The Jammer 25:15 Cosmos 2546 28:25 A Secret Messaging Service? 29:19 What happens if we lose GPS? ▀▀▀ Special thanks to the experts and collaborators who made this video possible: Professor Todd Humphreys and Dr Zach Clements at the University of Texas at Austin, whose research this story is based on - thank you for sharing your data, your time, and the inside story of the hunt. Ramsey Faragher, Director of the Royal Institute of Navigation, for the brilliant interview, feedback and stories that helped to shape this video. Richard D. Easton, for helping us understand the history of GPS. Dana Goward, President of the Resilient Navigation and Timing Foundation, for providing context on interference and alternative systems. Richard Bowden and Luis Enrique Aguado from GMV for sharing their independent work tracing the source of the interference. Ben Watts, for sharing his first-hand experience of GPS jamming and spoofing from the cockpit. KeepTrack (https://keeptrack.space/) for generously giving us access to their satellite-tracking software, which we used to visualise the search through 15,000 satellites for the culprit. And to GPSWise (https://gpswise.aero/) for kindly providing their software which we used to visualise GPS jamming and spoofing. Bartosz Ciechanowski, whose interactive GPS explainer (https://ciechanow.ski/gps/) was a great resource for research and the basis for one of our technical animations. Thank you for allowing us to build on your work. ▀▀▀ References: Clements, Z. L., Kriezis, A., & Humphreys, T. E. (2026). Chasing Lightning: Detecting, Characterizing, and Identifying a Powerful Space-Based GNSS Interference - https://ve42.co/GNSSInterference The rest here: https://ve42.co/GPSJammingRefs ▀▀▀ Special thanks to our Patreon supporters: Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, André Powell, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Bryan Ackermann, Chris Brewer, Data Don, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, EJ Alexandra, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Hayden Christensen, Hong Thai Le, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Jesse Brandsoy, Juan Benet, Kelcey Steele, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mark Heising, Martin Paull, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Moebiusol - Cristian, Orlando Bassotto, Parsee Health, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robson, Sam Lutfi, Shalva Bukia, Sinan Taifour, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, Vahe Andonians, wolfee ▀▀▀ Writer, Producer & Director: Emilia Gyles Presenters: Derek Muller & Gregor Čavlović Editor: Peter Nelson Asst. Editor & Sound Designer: James Stuart Animators: Domonkos Józsa, Emma Wright, Alex Drakoulis & Andrew Neet Illustrators: Jakub Misiek & Maria Gusakovich Stop Motion: Sulli Yost Researchers: Aakash Singh Bagga, Sophia Rose & Callum Cuttle Thumbnail Designers: Abdallah Rabah, Ren Hurley, Ben Powell & Daniel Ellacott Production Team: Jess Bishop-Laggett, Matthew Cavanagh & Anna Milkovic Executive Producers: Casper Mebius, Derek Muller & Gregor Čavlović Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Storyblocks Music from Epidemic Sound
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Fun fact: I worked in a place where I saw the plaques commemorating the Hafele–Keating experiment. They put an atomic clock on a Pan Am 747 for a flight around the world. They did it twice: once east and once west and confirmed relativity. Which was the basis for GPS.
As a cable technician, tracking noise is actually a major part of our job. I've never seen a malicious actor, but instead many many broken cables with water damage plunging the SNR. It's probably the main advantage fiber has over coax.
I love the idea of a large collection of hyper nerds brainstorming over something that you would need a background in multiple disciples just to notice there is an issue. A blip on a screen sending everyone into a self imposed panic. World really needs these nerds
When you started talking about radio signals and earth's curve, I immediately had that scene from Independence Day played in my head. "you're talking line of site"
Man, this blew up beautifully. Well done - I have seen it reported in many places.
Great work to the researchers and veritasium team!! You've probably multiplied the number of people aware of this issue by a factor of thousands
I have to say that I admire Mr. Todd's humility. It takes a big man to realize a mistake, a bigger one to admit to it, but to do it publicly speaks VOLUMES about his integrity. I hope his student, Mr. Zach, takes careful notes and realizes the importance of this single event. Also, kudos to Mr. Zach for being thorough!
3 episodes of your videos can make a Golden Globe-nominated movie with the right casting & direction.
Lisbon river ferry spotted at 33:42 🇵🇹 Love how Derek is putting in these subtle Portugal references ❤
Best visual description of GOS operation I’ve seen. I was a navigator on two U.S. nuclear submarines between 1984-1988. Both subs had NAVSAT receivers and inertial navigation systems. The second sub also had GPS. What amazed me when I first saw GOS used at-sea was its real-time altitude estimation. At the time, there were very few GPS satellites available for a 4D point fix. Especially at very high latitudes, we’d typically only “see” one GPS satellite signal clearly. But when we had three good satellite signals, the receiver/calcukatur would yield an updated latitude, longitude and altitude position that was precise to a couple feet. Of course, we could only receive GOS signals when the antenna in our #2 periscope was exposed to the sky. B cause our depth control team could maintain depth control to only plus or minus a few feet, they continually fought depth as measured by our sea-pressure based depth gauges. These were usually accurate to a foot or two. The Officer of the Deck, while at periscope depth, continuously visually monitored the surface contact picture via his eye through the scope. So he could also “see” how far the scope optics were above the surface of the sea. Once the GPS antenna was above water surface, we would see continuous GOS position and time updates. And the altitude coordinate displayed was calculated to the position of the GOS antenna/receiver at the very top of the scope. So, GPS displayed continuous altitude in feet above the water. Every second we would compare the very accurate altitude of GOS receiver at the top of the scope to the depth gage reading. The depth gage reading usually lagged the GOS altitude reading. And the depth gage reading was influenced by local wave height that was also continuously changing at periods of a few seconds. Bottom line, we installed a GOS altitude display in full view of the depth control team so they could maintain ordered depth using both the sea-pressure based depth Hagar and the GOS altitude. We also had the luxury of having access to position calculations that used decrypted GOS signaling that provided much greater position accuracy than non-military receiver/calculators.
Instantly guessed it was orcs as soon as the video started, turns out, it was orcs.
Lets just take a moment to appreciate how much background story we were told before we even got to the jamming part, such as how GPS works, now think of all the other parts in your life equally complicated, all coming together to make our normal day, normal, it is truly ridiclious the amount of systems in place to make all of this happen.
Yo I would like a part 2. It really was cool to hear about something that is happening right now, it keeps me motivated to keep learning about science.
:22 I've been a long time Ground News subscriber, it is amazing
I knew what was coming and 14:16 yet, that's the smoothest plug ever. Kudos!
'A little street in Paris'.. which turns out to be "Rue Euler". .. Nice touch!
The instant they made it public and everyone joined the quest, I felt like Doctor Stone. I appreciate it when people work together to build something greater than the sum of their parts for the benefit of all.
Hi Derek , I'm a telco engineer. GPS is used /everywhere/ in the internet. GNSS systems underpin the timing and synchronicity of a tremendous amount of our communications networks, protocols like PTP NTP, DTP, SyncE etc. all refer to a single source of truth - the GNSS network. If the system were to go down, it would have a wide ranging impact on the way we communicate. The systems may have in-built timing resiliency by way of oscillators, like a rubidium crystal, to "keep time" (also known as 'holdover') in the event of a system failure, but thats only a short-term 'time buffer', to allow network teams to resolve the fault. If an intentional attack were to persist, sustain, and be unresolved beyond the holdover times of clocks....hoooo boy that would be not good. I'd love to see a video covering this part of the impact.
"The sattellite knows where it is because..."
When i use our GPS device for building engineering purposes, it uses around 20-30 satellites depending where and how high up you are (it gets affected really bad when youre between buildings or below trees) . It measures precisely up to few milimeters. Its a really good system.